JLPT N5 Grammar List - Page 7

Master the fundamental grammar concepts required for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N5. Each grammar topic includes detailed examples, providing you with the essential knowledge to build a strong foundation in Japanese.

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121

yori no hou ga (より〜の方 (ほう) が)

compares two things, indicating preference or superiority (~ is more ~ than ~)

犬より猫の方が静かです。

Inu yori neko no hou ga shizuka desu.

Cats are quieter than dogs.

この本よりあの本の方が面白いです。

Kono hon yori ano hon no hou ga omoshiroi desu.

That book is more interesting than this one.

電車よりバスの方が早いです。

Densha yori basu no hou ga hayai desu.

The bus is faster than the train.

Learned

122

to ... to dochira ga (〜と〜とどちらが)

compares two options (which is more ~ than ~?)

コーヒーと紅茶とどちらが好きですか？

Koohii to koucha to dochira ga suki desu ka?

Which do you like better, coffee or tea?

映画と本とどちらが面白いですか？

Eiga to hon to dochira ga omoshiroi desu ka?

Which is more interesting, movies or books?

犬と猫とどちらがかわいいですか？

Inu to neko to dochira ga kawaii desu ka?

Which is cuter, dogs or cats?

Learned

123

de dore ga ichiban (〜でどれがいちばん〜)

asks for the most ~ among a group (which is the most ~?)

この中でどれがいちばん美味しいですか？

Kono naka de dore ga ichiban oishii desu ka?

Which one is the most delicious among these?

くだものでどれがいちばん好きですか？

Kudamono de dore ga ichiban suki desu ka?

Among fruits, which one do you like the most?

スポーツでどれがいちばんおもしろいですか？

Supootsu de dore ga ichiban omoshiroi desu ka?

Among sports, which one is the most interesting?

Learned

124

nakute wa naranai (なくてはならない)

expresses necessity or obligation (must, have to, cannot do without)

明日までにレポートを書かなくてはならない。

Ashita made ni repooto o kakanakute wa naranai.

I must write the report by tomorrow.

毎日運動しなくてはならない。

Mainichi undou shinakute wa naranai.

I have to exercise every day.

約束を守らなくてはならない。

Yakusoku o mamoranakute wa naranai.

I must keep my promise.

Learned

125

ta hou ga ii (〜た方 (ほう) がいい)

expresses advice or recommendation (it'd be better to ~, should do ~)

早く起きた方がいい。

Hayaku okita hou ga ii.

You should wake up early.

宿題をやった方がいい。

Shukudai o yatta hou ga ii.

You should do your homework.

もっと勉強した方がいい。

Motto benkyou shita hou ga ii.

You should study more.

Learned

126

nai hou ga ii (ない方 (ほう) がいい)

expresses advice to avoid something (it'd be better not to ~, shouldn't do ~)

夜遅くまで起きない方がいい。

Yoru osoku made okinai hou ga ii.

You should not stay up too late.

ジャンクフードを食べない方がいい。

Janku fuudo o tabenai hou ga ii.

You should not eat junk food.

無理しない方がいい。

Muri shinai hou ga ii.

You shouldn't overdo it.

Learned

127

nakucha (なくちゃ)

casual expression of necessity (must do, have to do)

もう行かなくちゃ。

Mou ikanakucha.

I have to go now.

宿題をしなくちゃ。

Shukudai o shinakucha.

I must do my homework.

早く寝なくちゃ。

Hayaku nenakucha.

I have to sleep early.

Learned

128

nakya (なきゃ)

colloquial contraction expressing necessity (must do, have to do)

急がなきゃ。

Isoganakya.

I must hurry.

宿題を終わらなきゃ。

Shukudai o owaranakya.

I have to finish my homework.

掃除しなきゃ。

Souji shinakya.

I have to clean.

Learned

129

ta koto ga aru (〜たことがある)

expresses past experience (have done ~ before)

京都に行ったことがある。

Kyouto ni itta koto ga aru.

I have been to Kyoto.

ラーメンを食べたことがある。

Raamen o tabeta koto ga aru.

I have eaten ramen.

温泉に入ったことがある。

Onsen ni haitta koto ga aru.

I have been in a hot spring.

Learned

130

ageru (あげる)

to give (used when the giver is the speaker or someone in their in-group)

妹におもちゃをあげる。

Imouto ni omocha o ageru.

I give a toy to my little sister.

友達に手紙をあげる。

Tomodachi ni tegami o ageru.

I give a letter to a friend.

祖父に果物をあげる。

Sofu ni kudamono o ageru.

I give fruit to my grandfather.

Learned

131

kureru (くれる)

to give (used when someone gives something to the speaker or their in-group)

友達がプレゼントをくれる。

Tomodachi ga purezento o kureru.

A friend gives me a present.

上司が機会をくれる。

Joushi ga kikai o kureru.

My boss gives me an opportunity.

ははがおかねをくれます。

Haha ga okane o kuremasu.

My mother gives me money.

やまださんがはなをくれます。

Yamada-san ga hana o kuremasu.

Mr./Ms. Yamada gives me flowers.

Learned

132

morau (もらう)

to receive, get, or obtain (used when the speaker or their in-group receives something)

友達から手紙をもらう。

Tomodachi kara tegami o morau.

I receive a letter from a friend.

父から時計をもらう。

Chichi kara tokei o morau.

I received a watch from my father.

先輩から助言をもらう。

Senpai kara jogen o morau.

I get advice from my senior.

Learned

133

tsumori da (つもりだ)

expresses intention or plan (intend to ~, plan to ~)

週末に映画を見るつもりだ。

Shuumatsu ni eiga o miru tsumori da.

I plan to watch a movie this weekend.

早く起きるつもりだ。

Hayaku okiru tsumori da.

I intend to wake up early.

日本語をもっと勉強するつもりだ。

Nihongo o motto benkyou suru tsumori da.

I plan to study Japanese more.

Learned

134

doushite (どうして)

question word asking for reason or cause (why?)

どうしてそんなことをしたの？

Doushite sonna koto o shita no?

Why did you do that?

どうして勉強しないの？

Doushite benkyou shinai no?

Why don't you study?

どうして笑っているの？

Doushite waratte iru no?

Why are you laughing?

Learned

135

issho ni (いっしょに)

indicates doing something together (together, with)

友達といっしょに映画を見る。

Tomodachi to issho ni eiga o miru.

I watch a movie with my friend.

家族といっしょに旅行する。

Kazoku to issho ni ryokou suru.

I travel with my family.

同僚といっしょにランチを食べる。

Douryou to issho ni ranchi o taberu.

I have lunch with a coworker.

Learned

136

itsumo (いつも)

indicates habitual action or consistency (always, usually)

私はいつも朝ご飯を食べます。

Watashi wa itsumo asagohan o tabemasu.

I always eat breakfast.

彼はいつも元気です。

Kare wa itsumo genki desu.

He is always energetic.

友達はいつも笑っています。

Tomodachi wa itsumo waratte imasu.

My friend is always smiling.

Learned

137

kata (かた)

indicates the method or way of doing something (how to ~, the way of ~)

この機械の使い方を説明します。

Kono kikai no tsukaikata o setsumei shimasu.

I will explain how to use this machine.

日本語の勉強の仕方を知りたいです。

Nihongo no benkyou no shikata o shiritai desu.

I want to know how to study Japanese.

料理の作り方を本で学びました。

Ryouri no tsukurikata o hon de manabimashita.

I learned how to cook from a book.

Learned

138

naa (なあ)

sentence-ending particle expressing emotion, admiration, or reflection

今日は暑いなあ。

Kyou wa atsui naa.

It's so hot today.

このケーキは美味しいなあ。

Kono keeki wa oishii naa.

This cake is so delicious.

久しぶりに会えて嬉しいなあ。

Hisashiburi ni aete ureshii naa.

I'm so happy to see you after a long time.

Learned

139

[Noun] de (で)

indicates means, method, place of action, or scope

自転車で学校に行きます。

Jitensha de gakkou ni ikimasu.

I go to school by bicycle.

パソコンで仕事をします。

Pasokon de shigoto o shimasu.

I work on a computer.

日本語で手紙を書きます。

Nihongo de tegami o kakimasu.

I write letters in Japanese.

Learned

140

ga (〜が)

but (soft contrast or introduction to another statement)

行きたいが、疲れた。

Ikitai ga, tsukareta.

I want to go, but I'm tired.

この服は素敵ですが、ちょっと高い。

Kono fuku wa suteki desu ga, chotto takai.

These clothes are nice, but (they are) a bit expensive.

映画は面白いが、長すぎる。

Eiga wa omoshiroi ga, nagasugiru.

The movie is interesting, but too long.

Learned

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