JLPT N4 Grammar List - Page 2
Master the intermediate grammar concepts required for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N4. Each grammar topic includes detailed examples, providing you with the essential knowledge to build upon your foundational Japanese skills. If you're not familiar with N5 grammar yet, check out our JLPT N5 Grammar List first.
very polite request: could you please do [verb]?
humble request: could you please do [verb]?
Expresses ability; for る-verbs, replace る with られる; for う-verbs, change final u to its e-sound + る.
Expresses commands; る-verbs drop る + ろ, and う-verbs use the e-base form (irregulars vary).
Expresses prohibition; use るな (casual) or ないでください (polite) to forbid an action.
Expresses conditions; る-verbs: る→れば, and う-verbs: change final u to e-sound + ば.
Expresses intention or suggestion; る-verbs: る→よう, and う-verbs: change final syllable to o-sound + う.
Expresses passive voice; る-verbs: る→られる, and う-verbs: change final u to a-sound + れる.
Expresses causation; る-verbs: る→させる, and う-verbs: change final u to a-sound + せる.
Expresses being made to do something; combine causative and passive (e.g., る→させられる).
can be seen; appears
can be heard; audible
expresses sensory perception (e.g., sounds, sights, smells)
can be seen; is viewable
indicates a continuing state or result (intransitive verbs)
still in progress; ongoing
was in progress; past continuous
resulting state from a deliberate action
expresses completion, often with regret
just finished; have just done