JapaneseJLPT

JLPT N4 Grammar List - Page 10

Master the intermediate grammar concepts required for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N4. Each grammar topic includes detailed examples, providing you with the essential knowledge to build upon your foundational Japanese skills. If you're not familiar with N5 grammar yet, check out our JLPT N5 Grammar List first.

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もし (moshi)

if (for emphasis; hypothetical)

もし明日晴れたら、ピクニックに行こう。
Moshi ashita haretara, pikunikku ni ikou.
If it clears up tomorrow, let's go for a picnic.
もし彼が電話したら、伝えてください。
Moshi kare ga denwa shitara, tsutaete kudasai.
If he calls, please let me know.
もしお金があれば、新しい車を買いたい。
Moshi okane ga areba, atarashii kuruma o kaitai.
If I had the money, I would like to buy a new car.
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に + は (ni + wa)

marks the indirect object, destination, time, or target as the topic—often used to emphasize or contrast that specific aspect

私には朝ごはんが大事です。
Watashi ni wa asagohan ga daiji desu.
For me, breakfast is important.
彼女には新しいスマホが欲しいです。
Kanojo ni wa atarashii sumaho ga hoshii desu.
For her, a new smartphone is desired.
家族には毎晩の電話が欠かせません。
Kazoku ni wa maiban no denwa ga kakasemasen.
For my family, a nightly phone call is essential.
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に + も (ni + mo)

indicates that even the specified target (location, time, or recipient) is included; 'even for…' or 'also for…'

私にも分かる説明です。
Watashi ni mo wakaru setsumei desu.
It's an explanation even I can understand.
子どもにも楽しい遊びがあります。
Kodomo ni mo tanoshii asobi ga arimasu.
There are fun activities even for children.
彼にも好きな音楽があります。
Kare ni mo suki na ongaku ga arimasu.
Even he has music he likes.
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で + は (de + wa)

marks the location, means, or method as the topic—emphasizing the specific context in which something occurs

この店では安いパンが売っています。
Kono mise de wa yasui pan ga utte imasu.
At this shop, they sell cheap bread.
学校では毎日給食があります。
Gakkou de wa mainichi kyuushoku ga arimasu.
At school, there is lunch every day.
公園では犬と散歩します。
Kouen de wa inu to sanpo shimasu.
In the park, I walk my dog.
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で + も (de + mo)

indicates that even in or by the given location, means, or method, the stated condition applies—'even with/in…'

このカフェでも、無料Wi-Fiがあります。
Kono kafe demo, muryou Wi-Fi ga arimasu.
Even in this cafe, there is free Wi-Fi.
駅でも、たくさんの人がいます。
Eki demo, takusan no hito ga imasu.
Even at the station, there are many people.
スーパーでも、セールがあります。
Suupaa demo, seeru ga arimasu.
Even at the supermarket, there is a sale.
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