JapaneseJLPT

Kanji - below, down

Kanji 下 meaning and readings

Kanji means below, down. Onyomi readings are カ (ka), ゲ (ge) . Kunyomi readings are した (shita), さ (sa), くだ (kuda), お (o), しも (shimo), もと (moto).

JLPT N5Grade 1
Stroke order animation for kanji 下

Stroke order animation (3 strokes)

Stroke Order Diagram

Each box shows the kanji up to that stroke. Red dot indicates stroke start point.

Readings of

On'yomi (音読み)

(ka)
(ge)

Kun'yomi (訓読み)

した(shita)
(sa)
くだ(kuda)
(o)
しも(shimo)
もと(moto)
Japanese kanji 下 in different fonts

in different fonts

Vocabulary with

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belowshitaした
unskilledheta下手へた
Common words containing the kanji 下

More Information about

Common words with 下 (shita/ka)

  • 地下 (chika)(ちか): underground; 地下鉄 (chikatetsu)(ちかてつ): subway
  • 以下 (ika)(いか): less than / at or below
  • 下降 (kakō)(かこう): descent; falling
  • 上下 (jōge)(じょうげ): up and down
  • 下手 (heta)(へた): unskillful (opposite of 上手 (jōzu)・じょうず)
  • 下線 (kasen)(かせん): underline

What’s the difference: した (shita)/しも (shimo)/もと (moto)?

  • した (shita) = physical below/under: 本はテーブルの下 (hon wa tēburu no shita)
  • 下町 (shitamachi)(したまち) uses the sound した (shita) but the idea is the low city.
  • しも (shimo) = the lower part / downstream: 川下 (kawashimo)(かわしも) = downstream;
  • もと (moto) = under / under the control of: 部長の下 (buchō no moto)で働く = work under the manager.

さがる (sagaru)/さげる (sageru)/くだる (kudaru)/くだす (kudasu) — which one?

  • 下がる (sagaru)(さがる): go down (intransitive). 体温が下がる (taion ga sagaru)。= body temperature goes down.
  • 下げる (sageru)(さげる): lower; hang (transitive). かばんを下げる (kaban o sageru)。= I lower/hang my bag.
  • 下る (kudaru)(くだる): descend / go down (a slope/river); also go south (Tokyo → Kyūshū). 判決が下る (hanketsu ga kudaru)。= A ruling is given/handed down.
  • 下す (kudasu)(くだす): hand down / issue. 命令を下す (meirei o kudasu)。= Give an order.結論を下す (ketsuron o kudasu)。= Make a judgment.

Polite ください (kudasai) and くださる (kudasaru)

  • ください (kudasai) (please) is usually written in hiragana after a 〜て-form: 見てください (mite kudasai) = please look.
  • くださる (kudasaru) = honorific to give (someone higher gives to me/us). 先生が本をくださった (sensei ga hon o kudasatta) = The teacher gave me a book.
  • When literally ‘to give’, 下さい (kudasai) (kanji) may appear: 水を下さい (mizu o kudasai).

Travel & signs: 上り/下り (nobori/kudari)

下り (kudari)(くだり) often means away from the capital / down-bound (e.g., from Tokyo outward). On trains and highways you’ll see 上り (nobori)(のぼり)/下り (kudari)(くだり) to show direction.

Cultural note: seating 下座 (shimoza)

In traditional seating, the modest seat near the door is 下座 (shimoza)(しもざ) (the lower seat). The seat of honor is 上座 (kamiza)(かみざ). Business etiquette often follows this rule.

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