JLPT N4 Grammar Test 30
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10
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Answers and Explanations
- きましたExplanation:
「〜て くる」(te kuru) (polite past: 〜て きました (te kimashita)) can describe something starting to happen or a process developing towards the present. 「[雪]{ゆき}が[強]{つよ}く[降]{ふ}ってきました ([yuki ga tsuyoku futte kimashita])」 means "the snow has started to fall more heavily." The pattern is [Verb in て-form] + くる/きます.
- かなExplanation:
「かな」 (kana) is a sentence-ending particle expressing the speaker's internal question or uncertainty about something. It is used to show one is pondering. In this sentence, speaker A is wondering if Tanaka-san has already returned home. Usage: [Plain Form] + かな.
- 分かりにくいExplanation:
「Verb ます-stem + にくい」 (nikui) means 'difficult to do (verb)'. The verb here is 分かる (wakaru - to understand). Its ます-stem (pre-masu form) is 分かり (wakari). Therefore, 分かりにくい (wakarinikui) means 'difficult to understand'. The sentence states that the teacher's explanation is too fast, making it difficult to understand.
- それでもExplanation:
「それでも」 (soredemo) means 'despite that' or 'nevertheless'. It's used when a factor mentioned previously would normally lead to a different conclusion, but the speaker proceeds anyway.
- 行かないExplanation:
「Verb ない-form + ことになる」 (koto ni naru) means 'it has been decided that (something) will not happen' or 'it has been arranged that (something) will not happen'. In this sentence, 「行かない ことになりました」 (ikanai koto ni narimashita) indicates that the decision for the speaker not to go to the party has been made. The pattern is: Verb (ない-form) + ことになる.
- 食べられますExplanation:
The potential form expresses ability ('can do'). For る-verbs like 食べる (taberu), replace the final る with られる (食べる → 食べられる taberareru - can eat). The polite form is 食べられます (taberaremasu). In this sentence, it indicates that children are able to eat the dish.
- 以下Explanation:
「以下」 (ika) means 'less than or equal to' or 'under'. Here, 「千円[以下]{いか}」 indicates that the price of lunch is 1000 yen or a smaller amount. Construction: Amount + 以下.
- にExplanation:
In passive sentences, the particle に is used to mark the agent (the person performing the action). In this sentence, 「先生に」 means 'by the teacher', indicating who did the praising. 「褒められました」 (homeraremashita) is the passive form of 「褒める」 (homeru - to praise).
- とうとうExplanation:
「とうとう」 (toutou) signifies 'finally' or 'in the end', often marking the culmination of a prolonged effort or series of events. In this dialogue, after many failures ([何回]{なんかい}も[落]{お}ちました), the person finally achieved success. 「とうとう」 highlights this eventual success after repeated attempts.
- ように言ったExplanation:
「〜ように言う」 (you ni iu) is used to convey that someone was told or instructed to do something in a certain way. 「するように言った」 means '(she) told (me) to do'.